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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (Captopril) on renal hemodynamics in patients with acute renal failure (ARF). The resistive index (RI) value was calculated by Doppler ultrasonography before and after oral Captopril treatment in 11 patients with ARF and 11 healthy subjects. The mean RI value was found to be significantly higher in patients with ARF (0.75 ±0.07) than those in the control group (0.55 ± 0.04) (p< 0.05). After Captopril, treatment the mean RI value was significantly decreased in patients with ARF (p< 0.05), but was not changed in the control group (p> 0.05). We concluded that the renin-angiotensin system inhibition may have a benefical effect on renal hemodynamics in patients with ARF.,