A Rare Cause of Peritonitis in a Patient on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Kytococcus Sedentarius

Peritonitis is the most common complication associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The aim of this case report was to present a rare case of peritonitis due to Kytococcus sedentarius.

A 27-year-old male patient on CAPD presented to our clinic with a 2-day history of nausea, abdominal pain and cloudy peritoneal fluid. Intraperitoneal (ip) ceftazidime and vancomycin were empirically initiated based on the diagnosis of peritonitis. Microbiological examination of peritoneal fluid showed that Kytococcus sedentarius was the causative agent. On day 3, ceftazidime was discontinued. After 14 days of vancomycin treatment the patient was discharged with complete recovery.

Kytococcus sedentarius is an aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, gram-positive bacterium, which is a rare cause of peritonitis and to the best of our knowledge has been previously reported only once in a patient that had complete recovery with ip vancomycin treatment. Clinicians should be aware of monitoring the hygiene protocol and re-training patients, especially in such rare cases.