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Variations in plasma lipids and lipoprotein levels were evaluated during the course of the nephrotic syndrome in 20 children (17 males, 3 females, aged 1,5-13 years). Of these ten were in relapse, ten were in remission. Results were compared to those obtained in a control population of 30 age-matched children. Serum apoprotein A1 (apo A1) levels were increased in children with relapsing nephrotic syndrome compared to controls (mean value of 131.863 mg/dl 5 vs. 11.220 mg/dl) but remained within the normal ranges (115-190 mg/dl). Of the patients in relapse apoprotein B (apo B) levels were measured as higher during the acute phase of the disease (284.7±93.4 mg/dl) and the lowest in remission (79.7±22.2 mg/dl) (p<0.05) compared with controls (92.1±27). The difference between apo B levels in remission and control groups was not statistically different.