Recent Developments in Hyponatremia and Its Management

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and can develop due to many different reasons disrupting the perfect balance of sodium and water. Determination of these factors is important in the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia. Symptoms of hyponatremia depend mostly on the rate of development. Brain edema due to acute hyponatremia and osmotic demyelination due to rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia can cause an increased risk of death. Inappropriate therapeutic approaches can therefore lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality. New guidelines about the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia have been published recently. However, there is controversy regarding some of these recommendations. In this review, we summarize the current literature on hyponatremia and discuss the different approaches in hyponatremia management.