A Case with Acute Renal Failure Following Invasive Vascular Intervention: Contrast Nephropathy? Cholesterol Embolism? Overlap?

Even though radiocontrast nephropathy is usually the most common cause of acute renal failure (ARF) following invasive vascular interventions, cholesterol embolism should be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is very important to differentiate these 2 conditions because of the disparities between treatment modalities and renal–patient survivals. To discuss possible causes and the differential diagnosis, we present a case that developed ARF following an endovascular aortic reconstruction (EVAR) operation for a thrombosed abdominal aorta aneurysm.